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OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease(AD)is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide.Neuroinflammation is a potential target for the patients with AD.It is attributed to activated microglia and the release of various inflammatory mediators from infec-tion,ischemia and toxin accumulation.Accumulating evi-dence has indicated that the cGAS-STING pathway driven neuroinflammation in neurological disease.TSG is a main natural active ingredient that derived from polyg-onum multiflorum.Previous research from our group found that TSG has beneficial effects of anti-aging,anti-inflammatory action and improving memory function in APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice.Here,we investigated the effects of TSG on cognitive impairment and neuroinflam-mation in APP/PS1-AD mice and explore the underly-ing mechanism by which TSG ameliorates memory func-tion in the cGAS-STING-mediated inflammatory response.METHODS The Morris water mace test and the novel object recognition test were performed to test the effects of TSG on spatial learning and cognitive and memory abil-ity in APP/PS1 double transgenic AD mice model.In addi-tion,real-time quantitative PCR,Western blotting,ELISA analysis,and flow cytometry to examine gene and pro-tein expression of cGAS-STING related pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.Statistical analyses were ana-lyzed using the SPSS 25.0 package by analysis of vari-ance(ANOVA).Neuman-Keuls or Tukey's multiple-com-parisons test were conducted as ANOVA justified post hoc comparisons between group means.RESULTS We demonstrated that AD transgenic mice exhibited cognitive deficits accompanied by the elevated serum and brain inflammation.The expressions of serum inflammatory cytokines and the activation of microglia in cerebral cor-tex and hippocampus were suppressed after TSG treat-ment,which was probably attributable to the decrease of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)and stimulator of interferon genes(STING)triggered immune response.Additionally,the data showed that TSG treatment reduced the expression level of inflammatory cytokines(IL-1β,TNF-α,IFN-β,IFN-α)in microglial cells BV2 primed with LPS and IFN-γ.CONCLUSION TSG implicated the health benefits in preventing cognitive disorders by inhib-iting neuroinflammation via cGAS-STING signalling path-way in AD.
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【Objective】 To compare the difference in the detection rate of microorganisms in cord blood between BACTEC FX and BacT/ALERT 3D automated blood culture systems, and to compare the influence of incubation time and different types of culture sample on the detection rate of microorganisms in cord blood. 【Methods】 Cord blood samples prepared from April to August 2020 in Sichuan Cord Blood Bank(n=4 358) were selected, and 20 mL of plasma was used as culture samples for microbial detection. In addition, cord blood samples prepared in the same months of 2021(n=4 057) were selected, and 19 mL of plasma plus 1 mL of final product was used as culture samples for microbial detection. The total sample size was 8 415, of which 4 849 samples(2 458 in plasma group and 2 391 in plasma plus final product group) were assigned to the BACTEC FX system, and 3 566 samples(1 900 in the plasma group and 1 666 in the plasma plus final product group) to the BacT/ALERT 3D system. All samples were cultured for 7 days, and culture data were recorded on day 5 and day 7. Positive results were confirmed by Gram staining. 【Results】 The positive rate detected by the BACTEC FX system was higher than that of the BacT/ALERT 3D system(4.08% vs 2.69%), with statistically significant difference(P0.05) detected by the BacT/ALERT 3D system. With quality control strains, there were significant differences in TTP between these two systems for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium sporogenes, and Bacillus subtilis(P0.05). 【Conclusion】 This study suggests that the selection of BACTEC FX blood culture system with incubation time of not less than 7 days and plasma plus final product as culture samples may improve the detection rate of microorganisms in cord blood.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of single intermittent theta-burst stimulation on functional connectivity in patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI).Methods:From July to November 2020, forty MCI patients were selected and randomly divided into iTBS true stimulation group and iTBS sham-stimulation group, with 20 patients in each group.iTBS targeted the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), mini-mental state examination (MMSE), activity of daily living scale(ADL), Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) and Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) were evaluated at baseline.The resting state electroencephalography (rsEEG) was collected for 5 minutes before and after iTBS in the two groups.The phase lag index(PLI) of EEG functional connectivity was calculated, and the functional connectivity matrix diagram was drawn.SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Data were statistically analyzed by χ2 test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and independent sample t-test. Results:There were no significant differences in scores of MoCA, ADL, HAMD and HAMA between the two groups(all P>0.05). In the iTBS true stimulation group, compared with that before iTBS treatment(0.140(0.133, 0.144)), the PLI of β band increased significantly after iTBS treatment(0.146(0.136, 0.167))( P<0.05). The region of increased PLI was mainly concentrated in the central region(C3/C4-T7/T8). Compared with that before iTBS treatment(0.251(0.232, 0.299)), the PLI of α band increased after iTBS treatment(0.286(0.241, 0.359)), but the difference was not statistically significant( P>0.05). Conclusion:Single iTBS treatment can significantly increase the EEG functional connectivity in patients with MCI, indicating that iTBS targeting the left DLPFC can effectively regulate the EEG functional connectivity in patients with MCI, which may reveal the mechanism of iTBS in improving cognitive function in patients with MCI.
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COVID-19 has been impacting on the whole world critically and constantly Since December 2019. We have independently developed a novel statistical time delay dynamic model on the basis of the distribution models from CCDC. Based only on the numbers of confirmed cases in different regions in China, the model can clearly reveal that the containment of the epidemic highly depends on early and effective isolation. We apply the model on the epidemic in Japan and conclude that there could be a rapid outbreak in Japan if no effective quarantine measures are carried out immediately.
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Objective To investigate the risk factors of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurrence in intensive care unit (ICU) traumatic patients. Methods Clinical data of traumatic patients in ICU of the People's Hospital of Liangping in Chongqing from January 1st, 2012 to June 30th, 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the outcomes, the patients were divided into ARDS group and non-ARDS group. The differences of demographic indexes (gender, age), time of admission, type of injury, atrial fibrillation, trachea cannula, multiple injury, open injury, shock, surgery, blood transfusion, central venous indwelling catheter, infection, and blood routine indexes [white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), platelet count (PLT), plateletcytocrit (PCT), hematocrit (Hct)], biochemical indexes [total bilirubin (TBil), albumin (Alb), serum creatinine (SCr), blood sodium, blood calcium, blood potassium, blood glucose], arterial blood gas analysis indexes [partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2), blood pH], coagulation indicators [activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), international normalized ratio (INR), fibrinogen (Fib)], injury severity score (ISS), new injury severity score (NISS), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), Glasgow coma scale (GCS) within 24 hours of admission, and the length of ICU stay between the two groups were analyzed, and the possible influencing factors were screened out. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of ARDS in patients with severe trauma, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn to evaluate its predictive value. Results A total of 303 patients with severe trauma, including 223 males and 80 females, were enrolled. The average age was (52.98±17.03) years old. ARDS occurred in 149 cases (49.17%), including 114 males and 35 females. Compared with the non-ARDS group, the ARDS group had older age, higher rates of traffic injuries, endotracheal intubation and infection, higher blood sugar, PaO2/FiO2, TT, ISS, NISS and SOFA, lower GCS and longer the length of ICU stay. Logistic regression analysis showed that hyperglycemia, PaO2/FiO2anomalies and increased SOFA score were independent risk factors for ARDS in ICU trauma patients [blood glucose > 6.10 mmol/L:odds ratios (OR) = 2.72, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.20-6.19, P = 0.017; PaO2/FiO2< 400 mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa): OR = 7.40, 95%CI = 1.59-34.37, P = 0.011; SOFA > 5: OR = 2.92, 95%CI = 1.63-5.21, P < 0.001]. ROC curve analysis showed that blood glucose, SOFA and PaO2/FiO2could predict ARDS in ICU trauma patients, with the area under ROC curve (AUC) were 0.65, 0.70 and 0.75, respectively (all P < 0.01). The predictive value of PaO2/FiO2was better, when the cut-off value was 275 mmHg, the sensitivity was 85.89% and specificity was 70.29%. Conclusion The traumatic patients on admission with hyperglycemia, abnormal PaO2/FiO2and increased SOFA score are more susceptible to ARDS occurrence.
